TreeWalk DNS
...select an «Item number» to view a topic, «Title number» to return.
«Item 61» Dr. Watson
«Item 62» TweakUI Alters the Windows 2000 MRU Policy Registry Entry
«Item 63» Upgrading The System Or Boot Drive To Dynamic (Rooting)
«Item 64» Trouble Changing Your Dynamic Boot Disk To Basic Disk?
«Item 65» Glossary of Windows 2000 Services
«Item 66» How To Open Multiple Start Menu Items
«Item 67» Windows 2000 Security Event Descriptions
«Item 68» Add An Application To Your Windows 2000 'Send To' Menu
«Item 69» Num Lock Key's Initial Status
«Item 70» Activate Network Monitor Icon
«Item 71» The Windows 2000 CMD Command Processor
«Item 72» Windows 2000 CMD Help
«Item 73» Missing Favorites Items
«Item 74» Conversion Of FAT32 To NTFS Failure
«Item 75» Configure Windows 2000 Server To Be A Router For Your LAN
«Item 76» Spool Output Of A Command To A File
«Item 77» Use 'Run As' To Start Administrative Tools
«Item 78» New CD Command Functionality In Windows 2000
«Item 79» How To Define A Default OPEN For Files With No Extension
«Item 80» One Method To Restore Selected Registry Keys/Values To Their Initial Setting
«Item 81» Create A Windows 2000 Emergency Repair Disk
«Item 82» Description Of File And Folder Date And Time Stamps
«Item 83» Assign A Custom Icon To A Folder In Windows 2000 Explorer
«Item 84» Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs Display
«Item 85» Windows 2000 Folder Redirection
«Item 86» How To Use 'Driver Verifier' To Troubleshoot Device Drivers
«Item 87» Keywords For Searching the Microsoft Knowledge Base
«Item 88» Try the New Microsoft Knowledge Base Search Engine
«Item 89» Set the Path For the Local Default User Profile
«Item 90» How To Disable Client-Side DNS Caching
«61» Dr. Watson
Dr. Watson is a program error debugger that detects and diagnoses program errors and creates User.dmp and DrWtsn32.log files to contain the diagnostic data. In Windows NT these files are stored in the %systemroot% folder. In Windows 2000, these files are stored in the
%systemdrive%\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\DrWatson folder. The "DrWtsn32.log" file is appended each time a program error occurs; the User.dmp file is overwritten each time.
To turn off the Dr. Watson debugger, go to the following Registry key:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AeDebug
Set the Value name: 'Auto', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 to disable or Value: 1 to enable.
To re-enable Dr. Watson, you can change 'Auto' back to 1 or from a Command line type: drwtsn -i
To change the folder for log files, go to the following Registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\DrWatson
Change or add the Value name: 'LogFilePath', Data Type: REG_SZ
That Registry key contains most of the values for Dr. Watson including: 'AppendToLogFile', 'CrashDumpFile' (change from default name user.dmp), 'CreateCrashDump', 'MaximumCrashes', 'SoundNotification', 'VisualNotification', and 'Wavefile'.
The 'AppendToLogFile' value controls whether Dr. Watson creates a new log file or appends data to the old log file for each application error that occurs. Change or add the Value name:
'AppendToLogFile', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 new file or Value: 1 append to file.
The 'CrashDumpFile' value controls the path and filename to use when creating a crash dump file.
Change or add the Value name: 'CrashDumpFile', Data Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
The 'CreateCrashDump' value controls whether Dr. Watson creates a crash dump file after an application crash has occured. Change or add the Value name:
'CreateCrashDump', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 to disable or Value: 1 to enable.
The 'DumpAllThreads' value controls whether Dr. Watson should dump the contents of all threads during an application error. Change or add the Value name:
'DumpAllThreads', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 disable or Value: 1 enable.
The 'DumpSymbols' value controls whether Dr. Watson should dump the contents of the symbol tables during an application error. Change or add the Value name:
'DumpSymbols', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 disable or Value: 1 enable.
The 'SoundNotification' value controls whether Dr. Watson plays a wav file when an application error occurs. Change or add the Value name:
'SoundNotification', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 disable or Value: 1 enable.
The 'WaveFile' value specifies the path and filename of the wave file to be played during an application error. Change or add the Value name: 'WaveFile', Data Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
The 'VisualNotification' value controls whether Dr. Watson displays a popup message box when it encounters an application error. Change or add the Value name:
'VisualNotification', Data Type: REG_DWORD, Value: 0 disable or Value: 1 enable.
There are various debugger utilities besides Dr. Watson. Lotus Notes, for example, replaces Dr. Watson with its debugger. To switch back to Dr. Watson, should another debugger be enabled, go to the following Registry key:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AeDebug
Change or add the Value name: 'Debugger', Data Type: REG_SZ, Value: drwtsn32 p %ld e %ld g
«62» TweakUI Alters the Windows 2000 MRU Policy Registry Entry
When you clear the Add new documents to Documents on Start Menu box in TweakUI, Windows 2000 Logo-compliant programs no longer display the most recently used (MRU) file list, including the MRUs in the File, Save, and Open dialogs. Windows 2000 Logo-compliant programs must honor the Do not keep history of recently opened documents Group Policy at User Configuration\AdministrativeTemplates\Start Menu & Taskbar.
To resolve the problem, either check the Add new documents to Documents on Start Menu box in TweakUI, or use Regedit and go to:
HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
Change the Value name: 'NoRecentDocsHistory', Data Type REG_BINARY, to: 00 00 00 00.
NOTE: TweakUI enables the policy by setting 'NoRecentDocsHistory' to: 01 00 00 00.
«63» Upgrading The System Or Boot Drive To Dynamic (Rooting)
When you convert a Windows 2000 disk from basic to dynamic, all of the partition information is stored in a private database at the end of the disk. The MBR (Master Boot Record) contains one type 0x42 partition table entry. When a disk contains the System or Boot partition, the process, called "rooting", is different.
The entries in the partition table are kept intact, but the File System IDs are changed to 0x42 to indicated that they are dynamic. This allows the BIOS to load the kernel and other files required to start the drivers needed to read the dynamic volume. An entry is added for any unallocated space on the volume.
NOTE: See Item 64 on attempting to convert the disk back to basic.
NOTE: Any disks added after rooting the system or boot drive are lost because they are only included in the private region (database) and not in the partition table.
«64» Trouble Changing Your Dynamic Boot Disk To Basic Disk?
When you try to use Disk Management, the Revert to basic disk is NOT available. Windows 2000 does not support reverting your boot disk from a dynamic disk to a basic disk. Disk Management will convert non-boot disks from dynamic partitions to basic partitions.
To resolve the problem:
1. Take a full system backup, including the System State.
2. Verify that backup contains all your data and that it is usable.
3. Boot the setup media.
4. When prompted to install Windows 2000 to a partition on your boot disk, record the size of all the partitions.
5. Delete all the partitions, on the boot disk.
6. Create partitions on the boot disk which are exactly the same size as in step 4.
7. Install Windows 2000.
8. After setup completes, restore your full system backup.
«65» Glossary of Windows 2000 Services
Microsoft has provided this Glossary of Windows 2000 Services:
This reference article summarizes all of the approximately 100 services in the Windows® 2000 Server family of operating systems, presenting them in alphabetical order. It provides general information on how each service is related to functioning of the operating system and describes the major effects of disabling each service.
«66» How To Open Multiple Start Menu Items
When you navigate the Start menu and click on a icon, the object opens and the Start menu disappears. If you wanted to open another item that has a similar Start menu path, you must begin your navigation all over again.
If you hold down the SHIFT key as you click an item, the object launches normally, BUT the Start menu does NOT close, allowing you to resume navigation from that point.
«67» Windows 2000 Security Event Descriptions
Microsoft has released two articles containing descriptions of various security-related and auditing-related events, and information about how to interpret these events. These events will all appear in the Security event log and will be logged with a source of "Security".
The first article can be found at http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q299475/
and the second publications at http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q301677/.
«68» Add An Application To Your Windows 2000 'Send To' Menu
To add an application to the Windows 2000 Send To menu, copy a shortcut to the application to the %UserProfile%\SendTo folder.
NOTE: The %UserProfile% environment variable normal points to "C:\Documents and Settings\UserName".
«69» Num Lock Key's Initial Status
On Windows 2000 and NT systems, a Registry value controls the NumLock key's status at Startup. You can manually set the value on a specific machine, or you can control groups of machines by using a group or system policy (i.e., the former for Win2K systems and the latter for NT systems) that contains a reference to the Registry value. You can find this value in the Registry key:
HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Keyboard
The 'InitialKeyboardIndicators' subkey is of type REG_SZ and can have a value of 0 (NumLock Off, the default value) or 2 (NumLock On).
«70» Activate Network Monitor Icon
Be sure to check out the Network Monitor icon. This nifty feature is not always activated by default. To activate the icon and its "lights":
1. On the desktop, right-click My Network Places, then choose Properties. The Network and Dial-up Connections window will open. Double-click Local Area Connection.
2. Click Properties. Select the check box at the bottom that says Show icon in taskbar when connected.
After setting this, you will have an icon in your taskbar with a set of lights that show network activity! It's a great way to tell if your network is transferring any data.
Bonus 1: Place the cursor over the Network Monitor icon to display a pop-up window that gives you data on the current status of your connection, including speed and packets sent and received. Right-click the icon to display a full Status window or to disconnect the network connection.
Bonus 2: You can also navigate to the Network and Dial-up Connection Properties window from the Start menu:
» Point to Settings, then point to Network and Dial-up Connections
» Click Local Area Connection or Wide Area Connection
» Click the Properties button
«71» The Windows 2000 CMD Command Processor
If you haven't typed CMD /? on your Windows 2000 platform, you should. It returns:
Starts a new instance of the Windows 2000 command interpreter
CMD [/A | /U] [/Q] [/D] [/E:ON | /E:OFF] [/F:ON | /F:OFF] [/V:ON | /V:OFF] [[/S] [/C | vK] string]
/C Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates
/K Carries out the command specified by string but remains
/S Modifies the treatment of string after /C or /K (see below)
/Q Turns echo off
/D Disable execution of AutoRun commands from registry (see below)
/A Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be ANSI
/U Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be Unicode
/T:fg Sets the foreground/background colors (see COLOR /? for more info)
/E:ON Enable command extensions (see below)
/E:OFF Disable command extensions (see below)
/F:ON Enable file and directory name completion characters (see below)
/F:OFF Disable file and directory name completion characters (see below)
/V:ON Enable delayed environment variable expansion using c as the delimiter. For example, /V:ON would allow !var! to expand the variable var at execution time. The var syntax expands variables at input time, which is quite a different thing when inside of a FOR loop.
/V:OFF Disable delayed environment expansion.
Note that multiple commands separated by the command separator '&&' are accepted for a string only when surrounded by quotes. Also, for compatibility reasons, /X is the same as /E:ON, /Y is the same as /E:OFF and /R is the same as /C. Any other switches are ignored.
If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line after the switch is processed as a command line, where the following logic is used to process quote (") characters:
1. If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters on the command line are preserved:
» no /S switch
» exactly two quote characters
» no special characters between the two quote characters, where special is one of: &<>()@^|
» there are one or more whitespace characters between the the two quote characters
» the string between the two quote characters is the name of an executable file.
2. Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving any text after the last quote character.
«72» Windows 2000 CMD Help
In Windows NT, the CMD help is NTCmds.hlp. In Windows 2000, it is NTcmds.chm, which can't be opened directly. While you can save the Help page in Help Favorites, some prefer to set up a shortcut to a batch file, or use Start|Run. Create NTcmds.bat containing:
@echo off
start hh.exe ms-its:%WINDIR%\Help\windows.chm::/ntcmds.htm
exit
Create a shortcut to NTcmds.bat and set it to run Minimized. If you wanted to view a particular help topic, you could use the syntax from the following examples:
hh.exe ms-its:%WINDIR%\Help\ntcmds.chm::/for.htm
hh.exe ms-its:%WINDIR%\Help\ntcmds.chm::/set.htm
«73» Missing Favorites Items
When you add an item to your Favorites folder, it does NOT appear in your Windows Explorer or Internet Explorer Favorites menu unless the item is a shortcut, .lnk or .url file.
«74» Conversion Of FAT32 To NTFS Failure
When you attempt to convert a FAT32 partition that is 60GB or larger, on a Windows 2000 or Windows XP platform that only has 64MB of memory, you receive an insufficient memory error and the conversion fails. During this conversion, Convert must allocate a 13MB volume bit map. You do not have enough memory to allocate the bit map.
To workaround this issue, increase memory to 128MB.
NOTE: With 64MB of memory, the largest partition that can be converted is 40GB.
«75» Configure Windows 2000 Server To Be A Router For Your LAN
To configure Windows 2000 Server to be a router for a LAN:
1. Run Administrative Tools|Routing and Remote Access.
2. Using the Action menu, press Configure and Enable Routing and Remote Access.
3. Complete the wizard.
4. Right-click the server that you want to be a router and press Properties.
5. On the General tab, check the Router box.
6. Press Local area network (LAN) routing only and press OK.
You may need additional configuration to properly route IP traffic. See the following Microsoft Knowledge Base articles:
Q178993 How to Use Static Routes with Routing and Remote Access Service
Q241545 How to Implement RIP Over RRAS in Windows 2000
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«76» Spool Output Of A Command To A File
Use redirection operators like > and >> to spool the output of a command to a file. For example: use dir > file.txt to redirect the output of a dir command to the file.txt. The contents in the file will be replaced if the file already exists; otherwise a new file will be created. Use dir >> file.txt to append the output of dir to theend of file.txt, if it exists; or else a new file is created.
If you want to give input to the program from a file use < redirection. This procedure is helpful, for example, if the program frequently prompts for Y/N answer. Keep some Y's or N's in a file called file.txt and redirect it to the program using progname < file.txt.
«77» Use 'Run As' To Start Administrative Tools
Have you ever been working while logged on with your regular user account, and had to close down all of your applications and windows to perform an administrative task? The Windows 2000 Secondary Logon service lets you run commands "as" the user, instead of having to log on as that user. The following works for shortcuts to all administrative tools and most application shortcuts on the Start menu:
» Select the application icon using a single left-click, hold down the SHIFT key and right-click the icon.
» Click Run As. This will bring up a dialog box titled Run program as other user.
» Type the user name, password, and domain of the user you want to run this application as in the appropriate fields, then click OK.
The application is now running in the security context of the user name you specified. If you specified Administrator logon credentials, you may perform administrative tasks with the application.
«78» New CD Command Functionality In Windows 2000
When you enter: cd /? at a CMD prompt, you receive:
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]
CHDIR [..]
CD [/D] [drive:][path]
CD [..]
.. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.
Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.
Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.
Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current directory for a drive.
If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:
The current directory string is converted to use the same case as the on disk names. So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk.
CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding the name with quotes. For example:
cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu
is the same as:
cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"
which is what you would have to type if command extensions were disabled.
The /D switch is new, allowing you to switch Drives and folders in a single command.
A nice undocumented option is the wildcard (*). For example, enter: cd do* and it will switch to the "Documents and Settings" folder, the first folder to match the do<anything> pattern.
«79» How To Define A Default OPEN For Files With No Extension
You can define shell extensions for files with no file extension by using Regedt32 to navigate to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
1. Select the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT key, an alias for HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes.
2. On the Edit menu, Add Key and type a ".* (period) into Key Name.
3. Click OK.
4. With the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\. key selected, Add Value, but leave the Value Name blank.
5. Click OK to define this <No Name> value as the default type REG_SZ (string).
6. In the String Editor, type TQTIP and click OK.
7. Select the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT key.
8. On the Edit menu, Add Key and type TQTIP into Key Name and click OK.
9. Select the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\TQTIP key.
10. On the Edit menu, Add Key and type shell into Key Name and click OK.
11. Select the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\TQTIP\shell key.
12. On the Edit menu, Add Key and type open into Key Name and click OK.
13. Select the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\TQTIP\shell\open key.
14. On the Edit menu, Add Key and type command into Key Name and click OK.
15. Select the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\TQTIP\shell\open\command key.
16. On the Edit menu, Add Value, but leave the Value Name blank.
17. Click OK to define this <No Name> value as the default type REG_SZ (string).
18. In the String Editor, type the full path to the program that will open the file, followed by "%1"
(For example: c:\winnt\notepad.exe "%1")
19. Click OK and exit the registry editor.
You can now double click on a file with no extension and it will open using the program defined in Step 18 above.
«80» One Method To Restore Selected Registry Keys/Values To Their Initial Setting
When you install Windows 2000, your initial registry hives are backed up to the %SystemRoot%\Repair folder. When you create a new ERD (see Item 81) and check the Also backup the registry to the repair directory...... box, the updated registry hives are stored in the %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack folder. A System State backup also updates the %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack folder. You can selectively use entries in the %SystemRoot%\Repair folders' hives to reset your current registry settings.
For example: Assume you accidently deleted the Recycle Bin registry entries. You could use the following steps to recover them:
1. Using Regedt32, select the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE hive.
2. On the Registry menu, press Load Hive.
3. Browse to the %SystemRoot%\Repair folder and load the Software hive.
4. Enter XYZ in the Key Name box.
5. With Regedt32 still open, use Regedit to export:
HKLM\XYZ\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Desktop\NameSpace\
{645ff040-5081-101b-9f08-00aa002f954e}
~AND~
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\XYZ\Classes\CLSID\
{645ff040-5081-101b-9f08-00aa002f954e}
6. Exit Regedit.
7. In Regedt32, select the XYZ hive and press Unload Hive from the Registry menu.
8. Exit Regedt32.
9. Use Notepad to edit the two .REG files, replacing \XYZ\ with \Software\.
10. Double-click each .REG file and restart the computer.
NOTE: You may wish to delete any keys that you are about to replace, to insure that no new values/sub-keys remain.
NOTE: Experienced users will observe that this technique could also be used to restore selected keys/values from the last registry hives saved in the %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack folder.
«81» Create A Windows 2000 Emergency Repair Disk
To create an Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) in Windows 2000, you:
1. Open the Backup GUI by pressing Accessories|System Tools|Backup
2. Press the Emergency Repair Disk button.
3. Check the Also backup the registry.... box and press OK.
4. Press OK and close the backup when it is finished.
The most recent Registry hives will be saved in the %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack folder.
«82» Description Of File And Folder Date And Time Stamps
The article at Q299648 describes how file and folder date and time stamps (created or modified) are displayed based on the file system that is in use (FAT or the NTFS file system), and the partition (whether the action occurred on the same partition or across partitions).
«83» Assign A Custom Icon To A Folder In Windows 2000 Explorer
You can customize the appearance and behavior of a folder by using a Desktop.ini file.
NOTE: The information in this tip applies to both Classic and Web style displays.
You can use a Desktop.ini file to:
» Display a custom icon.
» Create an InfoTip to display information about the folder.
» Prevent the folder from being shared.
» Suppress the warning about deleting or moving a system folder.
To create and use a Desktop.ini file:
1. Make the folder a System folder, Attrib +s <Drive:>\FolderName.
2. Create a Desktop.ini file, using the following format:
[ExtShellFolderViews]
Default={5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}
{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}={5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}
[{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}]
PersistMoniker=file://Folder.htt
[.ShellClassInfo]
ConfirmFileOp=0
NoSharing=1
IconFile=Folder.ico
IconIndex=0
InfoTip=Some informational text.
where:
Default={5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}
{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}={5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}
[{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}]
PersistMoniker=file://Folder.htt
is only required if you are going to use a folder.htt file, but some people always include this information, exactly as it appears.
ConfirmFileOp=0 avoids the You Are Deleting a System Folder warning. To preserve the warning, use ConfirmFileOp=1.
NoSharing=1 prevents the folder from being shared.
IconFile=Relative path to the icon file. For example, you might use IconFile=Earth.ico and place the icon in the root of the folder. The relative path allows persons who view the folder over the network to also see the icon. While .ico is preferred, you can use .bmp, .exe, and .dll files.
IconIndex=n sets the icon index where multiple icons exist in the IconFile. If only a single icon exists in the file, use IconIndex=0.
InfoTip=Informational Text contains the tip.
NOTE: You may also consider setting the Hidden attribute and protecting the Desktop.ini file with NTFS permissions.
«84» Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs Display
When you use the Add/Remove Programs tool, the installed program box may display only a single text string, a large blank space before the installed programs, or other display problems. Most likely, a programs uninstaller removed Registry entries required by the Add/Remove Programs tool. You can reset these Registry entries by opening a CMD prompt and typing:
REGSVR32 APPWIZ.CPL
If this doesn't fix the problem, see the registry entries at Q266668
«85» Windows 2000 Folder Redirection
In Windows 2000, you can use the Group Policy Editor to change the location of the following:
Application Data
Desktop
My Documents
My Pictures
Start menu
Here is an example of how to change the location of the Desktop folder in your domain:
1. Open Active Directory Users and Computers in the Administrative Tools group.
2. Right-click your Domain and select Properties.
3. On the Group Policies tab, press Default Domain Policy and press Edit.
4. In the Group Policy. Press User Configuration|Windows Settings|Folder Redirection.
5. Right-click the Desktop Folder and press Properties.
6. On the Target tab, select Advanced - Specify the location for various user groups.
7. Press Add. In the Security Group Membership box, press Browse to display the Groups. Select one from the list.
8. Enter a UNC path for the Desktop folder in Target Folder Location.
9. On the Settings tab, clearing the Grant the user... box would leave the permissions unchanged.
10. Clearing the Move the contents.... box would NOT move the desktop folder.
11. Select the action you desire in the Policy Removal box.
12. Press Apply and OK.
13. Close the Group Policy Editor.
When a user logs on, the redirection policy will be implemented.
The result of the policy can be seen at:
HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders
Name: AppData
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %USERPROFILE%\Application Data
Name: Desktop
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %USERPROFILE%\Desktop
Name: Personal
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %USERPROFILE%\My Documents
Name: My Pictures
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\My Pictures
Name: Start Menu
Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ
Data: %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu
«86» How To Use 'Driver Verifier' To Troubleshoot Device Drivers
Driver Verifier is included in Windows 2000 to promote stability and reliability, and you can use this tool to troubleshoot driver issues. In Windows 2000, kernel-mode components can cause system corruption or system failures as a result of an improperly written driver, such as an earlier version of a Windows Driver Model (WDM) driver. The article at Q244617 describes how to use Driver Verifier to isolate and troubleshoot a driver in the system.
«87» Keywords For Searching the Microsoft Knowledge Base
The article at Q250581 lists keywords that are used in Windows 2000 articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base to help you find articles about specific topics. Use these keywords as search words when you are researching a specific topic.
«88» Try the New Microsoft Knowledge Base Search Engine
Microsoft had an experimental search engine which they wanted you to try, but it has been 'updated'. For Windows 2000, try this at microsoft.com.
«89» Set the Path For the Local Default User Profile
In Windows NT 4.0, the local Default User profile was stored in the '%SystemRoot%\Profiles\Default User' path. There was no way to change this path in Windows NT 4.0. In Windows 2000, you can change the name and the path of the local Default User profile.
The path for the local Default User profile path is determined by two Registry entries. The following Registry entry sets the name of the directory in which the Default User profile is stored:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList
The Value Name: 'DefaultUserProfile', Data Type: REG_SZ, has a Default value of: "Default User"
The following Registry entry sets the path in which the Default User folder is stored:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList
The Value Name: 'ProfilesDirectory', Data Type: REG_EXPAND_SZ, has a Default value of: '%SystemDrive%\Documents and Settings'
«90» How To Disable Client-Side DNS Caching
Windows 2000 contains a client-side Domain Name System (DNS) cache. The client-side DNS caching may generate a false impression that DNS 'round robin' is not taking place from the DNS server to the Windows 2000 client. Pinging the same A-record domain name may result in the client using the same IP address. This behavior is different from previous Microsoft operating systems.
NOTE: This article refers to the client portion of DNS. Do not use this information for making changes to DNS servers.
The actual DNS request is being sent to the local DNS cache. If the entry is listed there, Windows 2000 uses the entry and does not make the request to the DNS server. After the entry has timed out (based on its Time to Live, or TTL value), it is cleared from the local DNS cache. The next attempt sends the request to the DNS server.
To view the DNS cache, type: ipconfig/displaydns at a Command prompt.
To delete the entries in the DNS cache, type: ipconfig/flushdns at a Command prompt.
To disable Client-Side DNS Caching perform the following steps:
1. Start Registry Editor (Regedit.exe).
2. Locate the 'MaxCacheEntryTtlLimit' Value Name under the following registry key:
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters
3. On the Edit menu, click Modify. Type 1, and then click OK.
4. Quit Registry Editor.
Note that this setting does not really disable the client-side DNS cache. Instead, it lowers the Maximum TTL value within the client's DNS cache to one second. This gives the appearance that the client-side DNS cache has been disabled. Each sequential ping results in a DNS query to the DNS server.
For additional information see Q245437.
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